What are the treatments of Oral Cancer?
If you are diagnosed with oral cancer, your doctor will
discuss the best options to treat it. This depends on several factors,
including the type and stage of the cancer and your general health.
Your treatment for oral cancer will be customized to your
particular needs. One or more of the following therapies may be recommended to
treat the cancer or help relieve symptoms.
Surgery is the most frequent treatment for oral cancer. The
type of surgery depends on the type and stage of the tumor. Surgical techniques
to treat oral cancer and deal with the side effects of treatment include:
- Removal of the tumor or a larger area to remove the tumor and surrounding healthy tissue
- Removal of part or all of the jaw
- Maxillectomy (removal of bone in the roof of the mouth)
- Removal of lymph nodes and other tissue in the neck
- Plastic surgery, including skin grafts, tissue flaps or dental implants to restore tissues removed from the mouth or neck
- Tracheotomy, or placing a hole in the windpipe, to assist in breathing for patients with large tumors or after surgical removal of the tumor
- Dental surgery to remove teeth or assist with reconstruction
Radiation Therapy
In cancer of the mouth, radiation therapy may be used alone
to treat small or early-stage tumors. More often, radiation therapy is used
after surgery, either alone or with chemotherapy for more advanced tumors. The
method of radiation treatment used depends on the type and stage of cancer.
Proton Therapy
Proton therapy delivers high radiation doses directly into the
tumor, sparing nearby healthy tissue and vital organs.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy may be used to shrink the cancer before surgery
or radiation, or it may be combined with radiation to increase the
effectiveness of both treatments. It also may be used to shrink tumors that
cannot be surgically removed.
After Treatment: Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
Oral cancer and its treatment often cause difficulty in
speaking, swallowing and breathing. We work with you, defining your needs and
making sure you receive the care you need. This may include speech,
occupational and physical therapies and other methods.
After treatment, some patients with oral cancer need plastic
or reconstructive surgery to help restore their appearance or regain the
ability to speak or swallow.
Sometimes the surgeon can perform reconstructive surgery at
the same time as your cancer surgery; in other cases it is best to wait. Your
doctor will recommend the method that is best for you. If reconstructive
surgery isn’t possible, you may be fitted for a dental prosthesis or implant. A
therapist will show you how to use the device. Sometimes, grafts of skin,
muscle or bone, which are moved from another part of body to the mouth, are
used.
Even though the cancer seems to have been completely destroyed or removed, the disease may sometimes return. This is because undetected cells may remain in the body after treatment. Therefore, follow- up care after treatment is very important for oral cancer.
Once you finished the treatment, your doctor monitors your recovery and checks for recurrence of the disease. Check-ups include exams of the throat neck and mouth. He often does a complete physical exam, take x-rays or suggest blood tests. Your doctor suggests you inspect your mouth regularly and keep on having exams when you visit him. These check-ups help notice any change in your health. You should report your doctor any changes in your mouth right away.
People, who have had mouth cancer, are at risk of developing a new cancer in the mouth, throat or other areas of the head and neck. This is especially true in case of people, who drink alcohol or use tobacco heavily. Therefore, doctors strongly warn their patients to stop using tobacco or alcohol to reduce the risk of oral cancer and other health problems.
Proper care after oral cancer is as important as its treatment. Therefore, the patient should obey all the instructions of their dentist strictly to prevent future occurrence of the disease.
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口腔癌的治疗方法有什么？
如果你被诊断出患有口腔癌，医生会与您讨论治疗的最佳选择。这取决于几个因素，包括癌症的类型和阶段，和您的健康状况。
医生将以您状况做出适合您的疗程。医生有可能会建议以下一个或多个治疗癌症方法或帮助您缓解症状。
手术
手术治疗口腔癌是最常见的。手术的类型取决于肿瘤的类型和阶段。以手术技术治疗口腔癌的治疗包括：
- 切除肿瘤或更大面积地切除肿瘤周围的健康组织以避免复发
- 去除部分或全部的下巴 （颌骨切除）
- 上颚骨切除
- 去除在脖子上的淋巴结和其他周围组织
- 整形外科，包括皮肤移植，或牙科植牙以做口腔或颈部切除手术后的组织恢复
- 气管切开术（Tracheotomy）或气管造口术（Tracheostomy）通过颈前正中人路，切开气管上段的前壁插入套管，以开放呼吸道。
- 牙科手术拔除牙齿或协助重建。
放射性治疗
放射治疗可以单独使用在小型或早期肿瘤的治疗。放射治疗常用于手术后，它可以是单独使用或与化疗一起使用的疗程以达致更佳的疗效。放射治疗方法，取决于癌症的类型和阶段。
质子治疗
质子治疗是将高辐射剂量直接注入肿瘤内以避开周围的健康组织和重要器官。
化疗
化疗可用于在手术前或放射疗程前以收缩癌细胞，或者它可以与辐射相结合，以增加两种治疗的有效性。它也可被用于缩小不能以手术切除的肿瘤。
治疗后：复原与重建
口腔癌症及其疗程，往往会造成说话，吞咽和呼吸困难。您需要疗程后的复原疗法这可能包括语音，职业和物理治疗等方法。有些患者在治疗口腔癌后，会需要整容或重建手术，以帮助恢复其外观或恢复其说话或吞咽的能力。
有些时候您的医生可以进行癌症手术的同时，开始重建手术。如果不是，在其他情况下，最好是等待。你的医生会为您推荐最适合你的方法。如果重建手术不适合，你可以安装假牙或植牙。有时如果有需要，重建整容手术会需要从身体的另一部分比如皮肤，肌肉或骨骼移植到嘴以帮助组织重建。
治疗后的后续照护
虽然癌细胞已经切除，但它还是存在复发的可能性。这是因为还有一些癌细胞隐藏在我们身体里且没被发现。所以，治疗后的定期复诊是非常之重要。
治疗后的后续照护
虽然癌细胞已经切除，但它还是存在复发的可能性。这是因为还有一些癌细胞隐藏在我们身体里且没被发现。所以，治疗后的定期复诊是非常之重要。
当你完成了癌症的疗程后，您的医生们会观察您的复原进度以及检查癌症是否有复发。医生会您做彻底的检查，并照X光或验血。记得要自我检查是否有不对的迹象，如有可疑的迹象记得赶紧问诊。
癌症患者治愈后会有复发或在不同的部位患上新的癌症，这包括在口腔了，喉咙，头与颈部。那些有抽烟，及喝酒或拥有其他高风险习惯的患者，会有更大的复发可能性。所以，医生们常会警告并要求他们戒了这些恶习，以助于减小复发的可能性。
最后，癌症疗程后的正确护理是非常的重要。所以，记得要服从医生的指示，以帮助您能有健康的口腔，预防癌症的复发。
